The collection documents the career of Richard Rush (Princeton Class of 1797) as lawyer, statesman, and diplomat, emphasizing diplomatic negotiations between the United States and Great Britain while he was minister to Great Britain (1817-1825) and between the United States and France when he was minister to France (1847-1849), as well as his successful efforts (1836-1838) in securing the Smithsonian bequest, which was used to establish the Smithsonian Institution. The papers of Richard Rush constitute the larger part of the collection; letters of his father, Benjamin Rush, M.D. (Princeton Class of 1760), and papers of his son, Benjamin Rush (Princeton Class of 1829, constitute the other major groups of papers in this family archive.

The papers comprise documents relating to all periods of the life of Kurt Gödel, foremost mathematical logician of the twentieth century, including scientific correspondence, notebooks, drafts, unpublished manuscripts, academic, legal, and financial records, and all manner of loose notes and memoranda.

The F. Scott Fitzgerald Papers (C0187) is a comprehensive literary archive containing the original manuscripts, working drafts, corrected galleys, personal and professional correspondence, autobiographical scrapbooks, photographs, and other original materials of F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896-1940), Princeton Class of 1917.

Harold Sprout was a professor of Politics at Princeton University. Consists of Sprout's collection of copies of papers in the Herbert Hoover Presidential Library (Iowa) pertaining to the London Naval Conference of 1930 which resulted in a treaty for the limitation of naval armaments and the exchange of information concerning naval construction between the United States, Great Britain, and Japan.

Alan Krueger (1960-2019) was an economist who served as Chairman of the Council on Economic Advisers under the Obama administration. The Alan Krueger Papers consist of materials from the breadth of his career, including research projects, research materials, publication drafts, teaching files, Council on Economic Advisors (CEA) memoranda and subject files, and a series of oral history interviews with Krueger regarding his time on the CEA.

The Kennett Love Papers contain correspondence, subject files, writings, tape recordings and other material relating to the career of Love as a writer and journalist. Most of the material deals with Love's book, Suez: The Twice Fought War.

These records include the working papers of Kristen Timothy in preparation for the 1995 United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women held in Beijing. They contain materials that document the evolution of the Platform for Action adopted at the conference from a short statement of major campaigns for the international community to mount, drawing on the recommendations of three previous world conferences on women organized by the UN, to a major statement of policy goals in twelve critical areas of concern to women and girls globally.

Women's World Banking (WWB), one of the world's leaders in microenterprise financing, is a not-for-profit international financial institution founded by a global group of independent women working together with the support of the United Nations in 1979. The Women's World Banking mission is to facilitate the participation of poor women entrepreneurs in the modern economy at the local level, especially those who are generally without access to established financial institutions. The organization consists of an international network of affiliates (independent local institutions that provide a variety of financial and training services to meet the needs of local women) with a central coordinating office in New York City. WWB's records document the administration of the organization, mainly during the tenure of its first president, Michaela Walsh, and include founding documents, financial records, correspondence, records related to affiliates and other organizations, audiovisual materials, and the files of Michaela Walsh.

James A. Baker III served in senior government positions under three United States Presidents and was a central figure in the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George Bush in the 1980s and early 1990s. Baker also led presidential campaigns for Presidents Gerald Ford, Reagan and Bush over the course of five consecutive presidential elections from 1976 to 1992. The papers document nearly every stage of Baker's career, including his work on presidential campaigns, his time as White House Chief of Staff for both Reagan and Bush, and his terms as Secretary of the Treasury under Reagan and Secretary of State under Bush.

The Papers of James F. Hoge, journalist, editor and foreign affairs expert, chronicle his contributions to foreign affairs issues while he was the editor of Foreign Affairs magazine from 1992-2010 and the Peter G. Peterson Chair at the Council on Foreign Relations. Hoge's intellectual contributions to foreign affairs discussions are in the form of speeches, articles, commentaries, book reviews, correspondence and interviews with contemporary experts or participants in the foreign affairs issues of the time.

This collection consists of materials collected by the law firm of McCarter & English of Newark, New Jersey in connection with representation of the Iowa, Sac and Fox, Otoe and Missouria, and Omaha tribes before the United States Indian Claims Commission between 1958 and 1970. The records document the cases; briefs, findings of fact, valuations, reports and orders are included. More significantly, the records include a vast storehouse of evidentiary documentation on the history of these tribes and others, much of it dating to the early nineteenth century.

Edwin W. Kemmerer (1875-1945), internationally known as "The Money Doctor," was an economist and government advisor with expertise in finance and currency. Kemmerer served as a financial advisor to many governments, mostly in Latin America, and spent the majority of his academic career at Princeton University. Kemmerer's papers document his advisory and scholarly career and include his professional correspondence, writings, and files from his financial advisory work.

Consists of correspondence and selected manuscripts of the American critic, novelist, poet, and playwright William Dean Howells.

Consists of 79 autograph letters from Adam Badeau to Union general James Harrison Wilson, dated 1862 to 1865, most of which were written while Badeau was General Ulysses S. Grant's military secretary in the Civil War.

Consists mainly of professional and personal correspondence, some documents, and printed matter of Joseph Miller, a nineteenth-century English civil engineer primarily concerned with the construction of steam engines and other machinery for naval vessels.

Consists of photographs taken and printed by Carl Van Vechten, primarily during the 1930s to 1940s, following his career as a music critic, journalist, and author.

Consists primarily of published and unpublished poetry manuscripts, as well as correspondence with various publishers, of American poet Theodore Holmes (Princeton Class of 1951).

Consists primarily of correspondence of Whitney Jennings Oates (Princeton Class of 1925) during his tenure as a professor of Classics at Princeton University.

Consists of photographs, manuscripts, diaries, and ephemera relating to Edward H. Phillips (1868-1944), his wife Marie Kempton Phillips (1881-1946), and their daughter Jean Sarah Phillips (1908–1985) that document ranch life in and around Montana around the turn of the 20th century as well as Ed Phillips' involvement in Wild West shows, including Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show, and his career as a Hollywood actor.

Consists of the collection of Alexandros Xydēs, Greek diplomat and art critic. Included are typed manuscripts, correspondence, off-prints, ephemera, and other printed material with a focus on Greek politics, Cyprus, human rights, and international relations.