Maps of French Army's Campsites 1-55, from Drinking Spring to Dedham, Massachusetts. The following series of maps depicts the army's camps on its march from Virginia to the Hudson and eventually to Boston. The cover sheet of the "cahier," reproduced here, is the same as the one for the 1781 south-bound camps (No. 26) except for the heading "Amérique/ Campagne/ 1782." As with the earlier series, the maps are so oriented that the direction of the march (generally northward in 1782) is at the top of the sheet; thus the two series appear reversed in relation to each other. In instances where the army camped in 1782 on a site previously occupied in 1781 the cartographer has not repeated the map; the camp is merely recorded in the heading, with a cross-reference to the 1781 map. There are no detailed road maps for the 1782 marches. The route from Williamsburg to Spurrier's Tavern (19th camp, preceding the 20th camp at Baltimore) is described mile by mile in Itinerary 6, which records the march of the wagon train when it took this route in the opposite direction in 1781.

The army moved northward from Williamsburg in four divisions, marching a day apart. The First Division, including the Bourbonnais Regiment, commanded by Major General Chastellux and led by Collot, left on 1 July; the Second Division, including the Royal Deux-Ponts, commanded by Comte Christian de Deux-Ponts and led by Cromot Bubourg, on 2 July; the Third Division, including the Soissonnais, commanded by Comte de Viomenil and led by his nephew Comte d'Ollone, on 3 July; the Fourth Division, including the Saintonge, commanded by Comte de Custine and led by the younger Berthier (Charles-Louis), on 4 July. Meanwhile, the Lauzun Legion had left Petersburg (see note to No. 106) and proceeded via Kingsland Ferry, Richmond, North's Tavern on the Chickahominy, and Hanover Courthouse, to Littlepage's Bridge on the Pamunkey, at which point it became the vanguard of the army, preceding it by two days. The Legion was commanded by the Marquis de Choisy (Lauzun himself had not yet returned from France) and led by Dumas and the elder Berthier (Louis-Alexandre). Rochambeau, who went ahead to confer with Washington in Philadelphia, did not personally accompany the army on the first stages of the march.

First Camp at Drinking Spring [in Virginia]. 1-4 July 1782. The dates on this and the following maps are those of the arrival of the first of the four divisions. The camp was thus occupied on four successive days.

Drinking Spring, 8 miles northwest of Williamsburg, was along the road now known as U.S. Route 60. The camp ground was situated at present Norge in the vicinity of Our Savior Lutheran Church, where the small creek shown on the map can still be discerned.

Second Camp Two Miles beyond Byrd's Tavern. 2-5 July 1782. Eight miles from the previous camp. Byrd's (frequently written "Bird's") Tavern was earlier known as Doncastle's Ordinary and was situated about 2 miles south of present Barhamsville. Since the French camped 2 miles beyond the tavern (which is not shown on the map), this would seem to place their camp at Barhamsville. The road branching off to the ight, not taken by the army, led to Ruffin's Ferry, which crossed the Pamunkey above West Point.

Third Camp at Ratcliffe House. Seven miles from Byrd's Tavern (i.e., 5 miles from the previous camp, which was 2 miles beyond the tavern). The much corrected word "Rattelaffe" appears to be a copying error for "Ratcliffe." There was evidently some uncertainty about the correct form. Verger in his journal writes it as "Radelassen." It has been variously transcribed in printed versions of other French officers' journals: e.g., "Ratelof" (Blanchard) and "Ratilisse" (Vicomte de Rochambeau).

Although the exact location of the Ratcliffe property shown here has not been determined, it was probably along the present secondary road that goes from Barhamsville, via Slatersville, to New Kent Courthouse. The stream shown on the map may perhaps be a portion of Beaverdam Creek. Cf. U.S. Geological Survey, Wlakers Quadrangle.

Fourth Camp at Hartfield. 4-7 July 1782. Seven and one half miles from the previous camp. The name "Hartfield," which should presumably read "Harfield," has disappeared from modern maps. A Micheal Harfield appears in the New Kent County Tax List for 1782 (Virginia State Library), and Harfields are also mentions in the Vestry Book of St. Peter's Parish, part of which coincided with the western part of this county. Itinerary 6 describes the position near "Hartfield House" (the building shown here on a small round hillock) as a very poor campsite. It was located some 3 miles northwest of New Kent Courthouse (through which the army had marches on its way here), alond the old road to New Castle. The creek flowing into the Pamunkey, shown here on the map, is perhaps Big Creek or White House Creek. Cf. U.S. Geological Survey, Tunstall Qadrangle. The site of "The White House" home of Martha Dandridge Custis at the time of her marriage to George Washington, is in this general region, as is the Pamunkey Indian Reservation across the river.

Fifth Camp at New Castle. 5-9 July 1782. Fifteen miles from the precious camp. There was an extra day's here for each of the divisions, so that two divisions were encamped here together on 6, 7, and 8 July, the Fourth Division only of the 9th. Itinerary 6, describing the wagon train's 1781 march, speaks of New Castle as "a small town with very few houses, situarted on high ground. It is almost deserted. There are many plantations in the neighborhood." More than a half century later, when Benson J. Lossing visited it in December 1848, he described it as "once a flourishing village, but now a desolation, only one house remaining upon its site" ( Pictorial Field-Book of the Revolution [New York, 1851], II, 225). With the decline of river traffic and the changing pattern of agricultural economy in this section of Virginia, New Castle has now wholly disappeared. It was situated a mile of so east of the present bridge over the Pamunky on the Richmond-Tappahanock road (U.S. Route 360), where a state historical marker recals Patrick Henry's "call to arms" at New Castle.

Sixth Camp at Hanovertown. 7-10 July 1782. Seven miles from the previous camp. Hanovertown (not to be confused with Hanover Courthouse, which was some 10 miles beyond to the northwest) has, like New Castle, disappeared from modern maps. The French camp was a mile beyond the little town shown here, which had been laid out by vote of the Virginia Assembly in 1762 near Page's Warehouse. The small stream on the map is a tributary of the Pamunkey. The wagon train had camped here on 4 October 1781; see Itinerary 6, where it is recorded that Hanovertown and vicinity had suffered considerable damage from Cornwallis's raiders.

Seventh Camp at [Little] Page's Bridge or Graham's House. 8-10 July 1782. Ten miles from the previous camp. Littlepage's Bridge crossed the Pamunkey in the vicinity of Hanover Courthouse (not shown on the map). Graham's House was a mile of so beyond the river on the road (roughly present U.S. Route 301) leading north to Bowling Green. Itinerary 6 notes that the crossing of the Pamunkey was by a "wooden bridge." It was here at Littlepage's Bridge that the route of march of Lauzun's Legion (which had come from Petersburg and Richmond) joined that of the rest of the army. From here on the Legion formed the vanguard.

Eighth camp ar Burk's Bridge or Kenner's Tavern. 9-12 July 1782. Twelve miles from the previous camp. Burk's Bridge, which crossed the Mattaponi some 9 mile south of Bowling Green, was in Caroline County along present U.S. Route 301. John Burk was licensed as a tavernkeeper there. Although the wagon train did not camp at Burk's Bridge in 1781, the Itinerary describing its route notes that "a camp could be located in front of Burk's Brudge." "Kenner's Tavern" (the building to the left of the letter "k") is called "Kenner's Red House" on Colles's 1789 road map (Plate 72); the Itinerary (1781) refers to it only as "the red house."

Ninth Camp at Bowling Green. 10-13 July 1782. Nine miles from the precious camp. Rochambeau's aide-de-camp Von Closen, who joined his regiment (Royal Deux-Ponts) here on 11 July, describes Bowling Green as "a small place where there is only one tavern and the residence of Mr. John Hoomes, a very wealthy person, where we danced in the evening" (p. 210). The road branching off to the right, as indicated on the map, led to Caroline Courthouse, which was some distance from the settlement at Bowling Green proper. A few years later the county seat was moved to Bowling Green, where the present county courthouse was erected on land provided for public use by John Hoomes. The wagon train had made its 10th camp here on 2 October 1781. See Itinerary 6, where it is noted: "Neither camp nor headquarters would be very well situated here. It is nevertheless better than any other campsite in this neighborhood."

Tenth Camp at Charles Thornton's House. 11-14 July 1782. Eight and one half miles from the previous camp. The camp was on high ground beyond Charles Thornton's house on the road leading north to Fredericksburg and Falmouth. Some 2 miles beyond the campsite, but not shown on the map, was Todd's Ordinary (present Villboro, Caroline Country) where, according to Von Closen (p. 210), the headquarters was located. "Charles" Thornton's house was evidently so designated in order to distinguish it from "Widow" Thornton's, another "Fine house," 2 miles or so to the south and past which the army had marched on its way to its camp. Both Thornton houses are mentioned in the Itinerary (6) of the wagon train and are shown in Colles's Survey, Plates 70-71. When proceeding southward the wagon train had stopped to the east of the present route, at Colonel Dangerfield's plantation on the banks of the Rappahannock, as described in a fragment of Berthier's journal, Itinerary 6, n. 33.

Eleventh Camp at Falmouth. 12-16 July 1782. Fourteen miles from the precious camp. There was a "sejour," or extra day's rest here for each of the four divisions, so that two were in camp at the same time, as shown. The officers took advantage of the halt to make excursions in the vicinity. Clermont-Crèvecœur (p. 73)mentions a call on General Washington's mother in Fredericksburg (on the south bank of the Rappahannock, opposite Falmouth). Von Closen (pp. 210-211) speaks of visits to William Fitzhugh's house (Chatham) and to General Alexander Spotswood's estate at New Post. Blanchard ([1], p. 110) states that he set up and left at Falmouth a temporary hospital for 60 sick, who were later brought to Baltimore.

Twelfth Camp at Peyton's Tavern. 15-17 July 1782. As explained in the heading, the First Division had camped on 14 July at "Garrot's" Tavern, 13 miles frrom the previous camp at Falmouth, but because of insufficient water there the divisions following continued 3 miles farther to camp here at Peyton's Tavern. Several of the officer's journals metnion the hot weather and consequent importance of good spring water: e.g., Verger, p. 159. Peytons's Ordinary, as the tavern was also called, was a few miles north of Stafford (county seat of Stafford County, on present U.S. Route 1). The stream shown here is Aquia Run according to Colles, Survey, Plate 68.

Thirteenth Camp at Dumfries. 15-18 July 1782. Ten miles from the previous camp at Peyton's Tavern. Dumfries, county seat of Prince William County, on Quantico Creek (the stream shown here), was once a flourishing port; it was later eclipsed in this respect by Alexandria.

Fourteenth Camp at Colchester. 16-19 July 1782. Ten miles from the previous camp at Dumfries. The town of Colchester, near the mouth of Occoquan Creek (east of present U.S. Route 1), was already in a state of decline when the French army camped nearby. Verger (p. 159) describes it as "almost deserted." The infantry was ferried across the Occoquan, but the artiller was obliged to use a ford 4 miles upstream. The road to the for ( chemin du gué) is indicated on the map. Chastellux describes a meeting here with General Daniel Morgan: "I was then at Colchester, where the first division of the troops had just arrived, after having crossed in boats a small river that flows near this town. The baggage train and the artillery had taken another route to reach a rather difficult ford. General Morgan met the baggage train when it was engaged in a narrow gorge, and finding that the wagoners were not managing very well, he stopped and showed them how they should drive their wagons. After having put everything in order, he called at my quarters and had dinner with me. The simplicity of his bearing and the nobility of his manners reminded me of those ancient Gallic or Germanic chiefs, who, when at peace with the Romans, came to visit them and offer assistance. He expressed great attachment to the French nation, and great admiration for the fine appearance of our troops. . . ." Chastellux (4), II, 581.

Fifteenth Camp at Alexandria. 17-20 July 1782. Fifteen miles from the previous camp at Colchester. The road from Colchester, corresponding roughly to present U.S. Route 1, crossed Hunting Creek (not included on this map) before coming into the town. The two small creeks shown here have subsequently been filled in. The "Meeting house" is the Old Presbyterian Meeting House, built in 1774 and still standing on South Fairfax Street between Wolfe and Duke Streets. The army's camp seems to have been in the general vicinity of the present junction of Route 1 and the Mount Vernon Memorial Highway. George Grieve, who saw the French army in Alexandria, mentions that their camp was on the ground previously occupied in 1755 by General Braddock's army; see his description cited above, Verger's journal, n. 121.

On the way from Colchester to Alexandria several of the French officers had turned aside from the route to visit Mount Vernon, where Mrs. Washington was in residence. See, e.g., Von Closen, pp. 212-214, and Blanchard (1), p. 111. It was at this time that Colonel Custine (commanding the Saintonge Regiment) presented to Mrs. Washington a set of porcelain from his factory at Niderviller in Lorraine.

Sixteenth Camp, a Mile and a Half beyond Georgetown. 18-21 July 1782. Eight miles from the previous camp at Alexandria. Details concerning the ferries over the Potomac, which the had crossed before reaching Georgetown (then in Maryland) on the east bank of the river, are given in the description of the wagon train's 1781 march in the opposite direction, in Itinerary 6. The stream shown here is a small segment of Rock Creek in what is now the city of Washington, D.C. The camp was located on high ground on the east bank of the creek, presumably in the vicinity of the present P Street Bridge, along the road from Georgetown to Bladensburg. In 1782 the District of Columbia was still in the future and L'Enfant's geometric grid had not yet been superimposed on the old road pattern. Cf. Colles, Survey, Plate 65.

The army had covered the route from Williamsburg to Georgetown--167 miles according to the mileage figures on the maps--in 18 days (2 of them halts) and 16 marches. The wagon train, when proceeding southward by forced marches over roughly the same route in September-October 1781, had covered it in 12 daily marches (no halts). Although the mileage estimates for the two marches do not exactly coincide, it would appear that the average daily march for the army in July 1782 was a bit over 10 miles, whereas that for the wagon train in 1781 had been over 16 miles a day.

Seventeenth Camp at Bladensburg [in Maryland]. 19-24 July 1782. Eight miles from the previous camp near Georgetown. Each division had an extra two-days' halt here. The stream is in the Anacostia River. The road at lower right, coming in from Annapolis, is the route by which the wagon train led by L.-A. Berthier had arrived on 23 September 1781. Although it only passed through Bladensburg without stopping to camp, the itinerary describing its route (Itinerary 6) notes that, if the army camped here, "headquarters would be well lodged on either side of the river, . . .there are fine campsites here, as well as pastures and forage."

Eighteenth Camp at Snowden's Iron Works [Laurel, Maryland]. 22-25 July 1782. Thirteen and a half miles from the previous camp at Bladensburg. Snowden's Iron Works was on the patuxent River. Major Thomas Snowden's house, shown here, is "Montpelier," still standing on present State Route 197. Verger's journal (p. 160) designates the camp as "Rose's Tavern," also shown on the map.

Nineteenth Camp at Spurrier's Tavern. 23-26 July 1782. Nine miles from the previous camp at Snowden's Iron Works and 13 miles from the next camp at Baltimore. Spurrier's Tavern was near present Waterloo on U.S. Route 1. According to Von Closen (p. 215), the camp was "near Spurrier's Tavern...not far from Dorsay's house." At this point the army rejoined the route of its southbound march in September 1781. At that time it had reached Spurrier's Tavern when news of the arrival of La Villebrune's ships, with adequate transports, determined the march southeastward to Annapolis. Cf. No. 162 and notes to Nos. 80 and 82.

Twentieth Camp at Baltimore. 24 July - 24 August 1782. During its month-long encampment here the army's positions were more extended than during the brief stop in Baltimore in September 1781; cf. Nos. 80 and 81. This time the camp stretched southward from a point near present Franklin and Paca Streets (left of map) to a point near Hanover and Lee Streets. The steam west of the camp (shown at bottom of map) flowing into Ridgeley's Cove was the Chatsworth Run, now lost beneath city pavements. Lauzun's Legion is shown in an advanced position on another height, in the vicinity of the present "old" Roman Catholic Cathedral (designed by Latrobe, dedicated in 1821).

When the army reached Baltimore, its subsequent destination was not generally known, though it was a matter of much specualtion among all the ranks. The decision to march north to join the Americans on the Hudson had been made at a conference between Rochambeau and Washington in Philadelphia, 19 July (cf. Clermont-Crèvecœur's journal, n. 155), and was subsequently confirmed in Washington's letter to Rochambeau, 16 August 1782 (Writings of GW, XXV, 26-28). "I am of opinion," Washington wrote from his headquarters at Newburgh, "that no good consequences can result from your remaining at Baltimore, but that many advantages may attend your marching forward and forming a junction with this Army."

When the army marched north—the First Division on 24 August—Rochambeau left behind the detachments under La Valette and Chazelles that had been transported there from Virginia, as well as a hospital. They remained until May 1783, when they returned directly to France. Thus several hundred French soldiers were in Baltimore for nine month or so longer.

Twenty-first Camp at White Marsh Forge. 24-27 August 1782. Twelve and a half miles from the preceding camp in Baltimore. The army marched in fourdivisions, with Lauzun's Legion vanguard, as far as Trenton. The camp at White Marsh Forge was some 3 miles northeast of the so-called White Marsh camp where the army had stopped on its way south in September 1781; see No. 79. The "Etang" shown on the map is a pond formed by a dam in Honeygo Run, which flows into White Marsh Run, where the forges is also shown. White Marsh Run is the head of Bird (or Back) River, which in turn flows into the Great Falls of the Gunpowder River.

"Twenty-second Camp at Bush Town." 25-28 August 1782. Twelve and a half miles from the preceding camp at White March Forge. The army had bivouacked here at Bush, in a slightly different position, in September 1781; cf. No. 78. The main road leading through the town is present State Route 7. The road branching off to the left is the "road to Bald Friar Ford" (present Maryland State Road 136). On this northward march the entire army proceeded direclty to Lower Ferry, whereas the previous year the artillery and wagons had made a detour via Bald Friar Ford (see note to No. 77). The building shown at the right of the map is Bush Mill; the millrace can be traced from Bynum Run across the highway to the mill.

Twenty-third Camp at Lower Ferry. 26-30 August 1782. Twelve miles from the preceding camp at Bush. There was an extra day's halt here for each of the hour divisions. In September 1781 the army had bivouacked on the west bank of the river (present Havre de Grace side), as shown on map, No. 77. This time the camp was on the east bank (present Perryville side). The entire army, including the artillery and wagons, was ferried across. Von Closen (then accompanying General Rochambeau, who was riding with the First Division) notes in his journal (pp. 227-228) that boats and "skows" had been sent on ahead from Baltimore. "Before crossing the river," he adds, "we had an excellent lunch at the house of the proprietor of the ferry, where we saw one of the pretty local girls--referred to thereaftter in our conversation as Miss Susquehanna."

Twenty-fourth Camp at Head of Elk [in Maryland]. 28-31 August 1782. Fifteen miles from the preceding camp at Lower Ferry. The stream shown at right is Big Elk Creek. The entire army had been united here at Head of Elk the previous year when expecting to embark for transportation down the Chesapeake Bay. Cf. No. 76. The present map does not show the waterfront at Elk Landing, since it had no significance during the 1782 march. The slightly different locations of the two encampments can be determined by reference to the triangular road intersection shown on both maps.

Twenty-fifth Camp at Newport [in Delaware]. 29 August - 1 September 1782. Sixteen and a half miles from the preceding camp at Elkton, Maryland. The route from Elkton to Newport--the same taken in the opposite direction the previous year—is shown on the road map, No. 60. The Second Brigade had camped here in Newport in 1781 (cf. No. 59), but in a position differing slightly from the one shown on the present map of the 1782 encampment (by divisions). The main road, to the right of which the army camped, is present Market Street (State Route 4). THe street intersecting this, at the top of the map, is State Route 41.

The next camp was at Chester, Pennsylvania. The army thus marched through Wilmington without camping there, as one brigade had done in 1781 (cf. No. 75). It may also be noted here that the Lauzun Legion, which remained in America after the rest of Rochambeau's army had departed, was quartered in or near Wilmington during the winter of 1782-1783. It embarked for France, with the detachments left at Baltimore, in May 1783. The exact location of the Legion's cantonment in Wilmington has not been determined; no map of it was been found by the Editors.

Twenty-Sixth Camp at Chester [in Pennsylvania]. 30 August - 2 September 1782. Fifteen miles from the preceding camp at Newport, Delaware. The camp was to the northeast of the town of Chester, along the road to Philadelphia, on high ground between the two streams shown here: Ridley Creek at the bottom of the map, and Crum Creek at the top. This is in the general vicinity of the present Baldwin Locomotive Works. The 1781 camp had been southwest of Chester; cf. Nos. 58 and 74.

Twenty-seventh Camp at Philadelphia. 31 August - 4 September 1782. Sixteen miles from the preceding camp near Chester. The four divisions, preceded by Lauzun's Legion as a vanguard, marched on successive days through the city to their camp on its northern outskirts; the previous year the camp had been on the banks of the Schuylkill near the present Market Street Bridge (cf. No. 73). There was at least one extra day's halt here for each of the divisions. The map shows three regiments and three artillery units, as well as Lauzun's cavalry (yellow and white), in camp at the same time. The First Division (including the Bourbonnais Regiment) resumed its march northward on 2 September.

The camp ground was along the eastern side of the "Chemin de German Town," indicated on the map as a continuation of Second Street. It was on high ground north of Cohocksink Creek, the larger o the two streams shown, with a dike ("Digue") across its mouth. The smaller stream, marking the northern limit of the regular street grid, is Pegg's Run, also known as Conocuonocue Creek. Both streams have long since been obliterated. The French camp was thus in the general vicinity of the junction of present North Second Street and Germantown Avenue. An interesting comparison can be made between this 1782 camp plan and John Hill's "Plan of the City of Philadelphia" (engraved and published, 1797). The Hills plan, on which the locality is called "Bath," shows that streets had been laid out and many houses constructed there during the postwar years.

The army resumed its march northward by the road designated here as "Chemin de Read-Lyon's Tavern" (Frankforn Avenue). The stay in Philadelphia, with its attendant festivities, is described in the journals of Clermont-Crèvecœur (pp. 77-78) and Verger (pp. 162-163).

Thirty-first Camp at Somerset Courthouse [Millstone, New Jersey]. Also "Camp à Read Lion T., Le 2 Septembre, 15 miles de Philadelphie - manque" [no map], "Camp à Trenton, Le 3 Septembre, 16 miles de Read Lion Voyés campagne 1781, 25eme Camp. Le 4, 5, et 6 Sejour" [no map], "Camp à Prince-Town, Le 7 Septembre, 12 miles de Trentown. Voyés campagne 1781, 24e Camp" [no map]. 8-9 September 1782. Fourteen miles from the preceding camp at Princeton. The camp ground at Somerset Courthouse was in a slightly different location from that of 1781, as can be seen by comparison with maps Nos. 53 and 68. This time two regiments were placed on the bank of the Millstone, east of the road and opposite the church. The main road shown here is present State Route 533; the second (from the top) of the three roads crossing the Millstone and leading to New Brunswick is approximately present State Route 514.

As indicated in the heading, no new maps for the preceding camps at Red Lion Tavern (28th), Trenton (29th), and Princeton (30th) are included in this series, the army having camped in the same positions as in 1781; cf. Nos. 72, 70, and 69. On the present march, after leaving Trenton, the army marched northward through New Jersey by brigades: the First included the Bourbonnais and Royal Deux-Ponts regiments, the Second, the Saintonge and Soissonnais. Covering the main corps on its right, the Lauzun Legion, commanded by Colonel Robert-Guillaume Dillon, took a route farther to the east, proceeding in seven marches via (1) Kingston, (2) New Brunswick, (3) Scotch Plains, (4) Chatham, (5) The Forks (Two Bridges), (6) Paramus, and (7) Kakiat (New Hempstead, New York) before joining up with the army at Haverstraw prior to crossing the Hudson at King's Ferry. At this time the enemy still occupied New York, and there were rumors of reinforcements arriving there. See Von Closen's journal, p. 234, and Verger's journal, n. 145.

Thirty-second Camp at Bullion's Tavern [Liberty Corner]. 9-10 September 1782. Thirteen miles from the preceding camp at Somerset Courthouse (Millstone). The same route had been taken in the opposite direction in 1781. See No. 53 and also No. 67 for the 1781 camp at Bullion's Tavern. The locations of the two encampments differ slightly. The pattern of roads shown on the map can readily be recognized in the present village of Liberty Corner. The "chemin de Somerset-Court-house," lower right, is present State Route 525, coming into Liberty Corner over Second Watchung Mountain from Martinsville. The road to Whippany (the next day's destination), upper left, is the road from Liberty Corner to Lyons and Basking Ridge.

Thirty-fourth Camp at Pompton Meetinghouse [Pompton Plains]. Also "Camp à Wippany, le 10 Septembre, 16 miles de Bulllion's Tavern. Voyès la Campagne 1781, 21e camp. (Le 11 Séjour)" [no map]. 12-13 September 1782. Fifteen miles from the previous camp at Whippany, where each of the two brigades had remained an extra day. No new map of the Whippany camp was included in this series, since the camp was in the same position in 1781; see No. 66.

There had also been a camp at Pompton Plains the previous year (No. 65), but since the present camp is in a slightly different position, there is a new map. Comparison of the two maps and reference to the "Metting-house," shown on both, indicate that the greater part of the troops camped this time on the eastern side of the main road. In both instances, as indicated by the points on the symbols for regiments, the camp "faces" the enemy, who occupied Manhattan and Staten Islands to the eastward. This 1782 map includes a larger area than the earlier one, extending northward to the bridges across the river at the top of the sheet. (The two branches of the Pompton are called the Pequannock and Wanaque on modern maps.) An advance unit is shown here near the river crossing, where a small work protecting a strategic point in the road communication system is situated. The road branching off to the left (labeled upside down) went to Ringwood and thence, via The Clove, to New Windsor, which is on the Hudson above West Point. The road here designated as "Chemin de Suffrantz" sent to present Pompton Lakes (Passaic County), then through the Ramapo Valley (present U.S. Route 202) to Suffern, New York, the next camp. This route is shown on map, No. 50, and is described in Itinerary 3.

Thirty-fifth Camp at Suffern [in New York]. 13-14 September 1782. Fifteen miles from the preceding camp at Pompton Plains. The stream is the Ramapo River. The previous year's camp at Suffern is shown above on the map, No. 64, which appears reversed in relation to the present one, it being the cartographer's practice to orient his map with the direction of the march at the top of the sheet.

Thirty-sixth Camp at Haverstraw. 14-16 September 1782. Fifteen and a half miles from the preceding camp at Suffern. The First Brigade remained here for three days, the Second Brigade for two, before crossing the Hudson at King's Ferry on 17 September. The First Brigade camped on this site already used the previous year (cf. No. 63) north of Cedar Pond Brook, in what is now the village of stony Point. The Second Brigade camped farther south, along the road leading from the village of Haverstraw to "Smith-house." This was the house of Joshua Hett Smith, later known as "Treason House," where Arnold and Andre spent the night of 21-22 September 1780; the site is now occupied by the New York State Rehabilitation Hospital (West Haverstraw). The stream at the far right of the map is Minisceongo Creek.

Thirty-seventh Camp at Peekskill. 17-23 September 1782. Nine and a half miles from the preceding camp at Haverstraw. The entire army is shown in camp here (Lauzun's Legion, at right, nearest the Hudson) on hillocks to the south of the village of Peekskill. The site is in the southern part of the now-populated part of Peekskill. The small stream at top of map (south) is Dickey Brook; the single peak beyond it, Blue Mountain. For its relationship to the larger general area, see maps of the 1781 campaign, Nos. 48 and 62. On the way to its camp here at Peekskill the French army had crossed the Hudson at King's Ferry (Stony Point to Verplanck's Point) and then marched past the American camp, which was closer to the ferry landing. The French halted at Peekskill for a week before proceeding on 24 September, eastward and farther inland, to their next camp at Hunt's Tavern (also referred to as the Crompond encampment).

Thirty-eighth Camp at Hunt's Tavern. 24 September - 21 October 1782. Eight miles from the preceding camp at Peekskill. The army had already camped here the previous year, as shown on map, No. 61. The road running from the bottom to the top of the sheet (shouth) is Crompond Road, present State Route 35 (U.S. 202) in the town of Yorktown, New York. The lower or the two roads leading into it from the right is present Baldwin Road. Hunt's Tavern (not so labeled on this map) is the house situated at this junction. The road leading off at this point to the left (which the army would eventually take when resuming its march to Salem Center) is present Hallock's Mill Road. An outlet of Crom Pond (the larger of the two "Etangs") curves around the high ground where part of the army camped behind the tavern and then crosses Hallock's Mill Road. The "Qier Gal" (Quartier General), i.e., Rochambeau's Headquarters, was situated here in Samuel Delevan's house. For the story of Delevan's claims against the General, see Verger's journal, n. 158. The position of the "Hunt's Tavern camp" within the general "Crompond" area is shown on the next map.

Thirty-ninth Camp at Salem [Salem Center, Westchester County, New York]. 22-23 October 1782. Thirteen and a half miles from the Hunt's tavern (Crompond) camp. The route from Hunt's Tavern via Hait's (or Haight's) Tavern (Somers) and Dean's Bridge (Purdys), to Salem is described (in reverse) in the 1781 "Itinerary from Providence to the Campe at Philipsburg." This portion of the route had not, however, been taken in 1781, because of the change in itinerary; see note to map, No. 24. Thus the army marched over this road for the first time in 1782. From here to Providence, Rhode Island, the march was by brigades: the Bourbonnais Brigade (including the Bourbonnaid and Royal Deux-Ponts regiments) a day ahead of the Soissonnais Brigade (including the Soissonnais and Saintonge regiments).

The locality here designated as "Salem" is now known as Salem Center, which is in the town of North Salem, Westchester County, New York, near the Connecticut line. The stream at the right of the map is the TIticus River (its enlargement into the Titicus Reservoir now begins at approximately the point shown at the bottom of the map). The road running parallel to the river is present State Route 116. The two roads branching off to the right and leading to Bedford corrsepond roughly to present Turk Hill Road and June Road.

The building on the left-hand side of the road in the center of the map (to the right of the letters "em" in Salem") is the manor house built ca. 1773 by the Loyalist Stephen Delancey. During the Revolution it was confiscated by the patriots and used as a courthouse and jail. From 1790 to 1884 it was occupied by the North Salem Academy and since that time has been the Town Hall for the town of North Salem..

Fortieth Camp at Danbury [in Connecticut]. 23-24 October 1782. Eleven miles from the preceding camp at Salem Center, New York. When marching to Danbury the army passed through Ridgbury where it had camped the previous year (cf. No. 37); henceforth it followed, in the opposite direction, the route already taken in 1781. The road from Ridgebury to Danbury is shown on map, No. 23.

The road at the lower right coming in from the previous camp at Salem is present West Wooster Street, which joins Main Street at right angles. The "Meeting house" shown at this point is the Congregational Church, no longer standing; its site was near the present County Courthouse. The route went right to the foot of Main Street, then left into South Street. The second "Meeting house" shown here is the early Episcopal Church, which has also disappeared from this site. A bit farther along, a road (approximately present Coal Pit Hill Road) branches right (south) to Stratford and Newtown. Beyond this junction, on high ground to the north of the road, two regiments camped. The artillery was farther forward near the bank of the Simpaug, a small tributary of the Still River. After crossing the brook the route (corresponding to present Shelter Rock Road) led on towards Newtown, as shown on map, No. 23.

The "hôpital" in the lower part of the map was a military hospital maintained by the Americans, which local tradition places in the "Hoyt House" on present Park Avenue.

Forty-fourth Camp at Farmington. Also "Camp à New-Town, le 24 Octobre, 12 miles de Dambury; Voyés Campagne 1781, 10e Camp. (le 25 Séjour)" [no map], "Camp à Break-Neck, le 26 Octobre, 15 miles de New-Town. Voyés Campagne 1781, 9e Camp" [no map], "Camp à Barn's Tavern, le 27 Octobre, 13 Miles de Break-Neck. Voyès campagne 1781. 8e Camp" [no map]. 28-29 October 1782. Thirteen miles from the preceding camp at Barnes's Tavern (in Marion). On the march from Danbury to Farmington the army had camped at Newtown (41st camp, 24-26 October 1782), Break Neck (42nd camp, 26-27 October), and Barnes's Tavern (43rd camp, 27-28 October), but no new maps are included in the present series since the positions were the same as those occupied on the 1781 southward march. Cf. Nos. 36, 35, and 34. The route is shown on Nos. 23, 22, 21, and 20.

The army had camped in Farmington the previous year during its southward march, but the campsite had then been south of the village, as shown on No. 33. The 1782 camp was in a different location, more in the village, as shown on the present map. The brook, when proceeding north along Main Street, is a road leading west, corresponding to present Meadow Road. The camp of the infantry regiments would thus have been roughly along the line of present Garden Street; the artillery and wagons camped east of Main Street along Hatter's Lane.

The general street plan of Farmington, as shown here, has changed little over the years. Many of these houses still stand. The building enclosed in a small square in the upper part of the map is the Congregational Church, built in 1772-1773 by Judah Woodruff.

Forty-fifth Camp at East Hartford. 29 October - 5 November 1782. Twelve and a half miles from the preceding camp at Farmington. Owing to the extra séjour, or halt, the entire army was encamped here together, as shown, from 30 October through 4 November. The camp was east of the village and of the Hockanum River, on either side of the road to Bolton Center. When the army stopped here the previous year, only one regiment (Soissonnais) camped in this position. The other regiments had been west of the village closer to the banks of the Connecticut in an area not included on the present map; cf. No. 32.

It was here at East Hartford that Rochambeau announced that the army would march to Boston and embark there for the West Indies. Many had hitherto supposed that they would remain in winter quarters at Hartford; cf. Clermont-Crèvecœur's journal, p. 81. See also Von Closen, pp. 263-264, and Chastellux (4), II, 477.

Dr. Ezra Stiles, journeying westward with his wife, met up with the French army at this time. He noted in his diary (4 November) that he saw the First Division at Bolton (where General Rochambeau visited him at the Reverend Mr. Colton's house), and then, on 5 November, when proceeding from Bolton to East Hartford: "Met & passed the 2d. Div. of French Army, probably 1500 men. The whole sd. to be 4000, I judge 3000. We stopt our chaise near half an hour in passing the Troops, & afterwards above half an hour in passing 2 Divisions of Wagons, I judge 200. Some of them sd. they had 500 Waggons for whole Army. . . ."

Forty-sixth Camp, Two Miles beyond Bolton Meetinghouse. 4-5 November 1782. Fourteen miles from the preceding camp at East Hartford. In June 1781 the army had camped hear Bolton Meetinghouse (present Bolton Center), as shown on Nos. 17 and 31. This time the camp was 2 miles beyond the meetinghouse (i.e., southeastward) in a position that appears to be near the Hop River and one of its small tributaries. This would be in the southwestern corner of the present town of Coventry, or northwestern corner of the present town of Andover (incorporated separately in 1848), along present U.S. Route 6.

Forty-seventh Camp at Windham. 5-7 November 1782. Sixteen and a half miles from Bolton. There was an additional day's stop here. The camp was east of the village on either side of the road leading to Canterbury (present State Route 14). The previous year the army had camped west of the village on the banks of the Shetucket; cf. Nos. 16 and 30.

No artillery units are shown on the map. Von Closen (p. 263) notes that the artillery obtained permission to march as far as Providence one day in advance of the First Brigade. See also Clermont-Crèvecœur's journal, p. 81.

Forty-eighth Camp at Canterbury. 7-8 November 1782. Ten miles from the preceding camp at Windham. The stream at the bottom of the map is the Little River. The campsite is on high ground south of the road (present State Route 14) before reaching "Westminster Meeting," the building shown to the left of a small triangular bulge in the road. The rebuilt eighteenth-century church still stands on this spot. The "Meeting-house" shown at the top of the map in the village of Canterbury proper is on the site of the present Congregational Church (built in 1805). Although the army had passed along this route in June 1781, it did not then camp at Canterbury; cf. No. 16.

Forty-ninth Camp at Voluntown [Sterling Hill, Connecticut]. 8-9 November 1782. Ten miles from the preceding camp at Canterbury. "Walen-Town," I.e., Voluntown, here refers to the present village of Sterling Hill in the town of Sterling, Windham County, Connecticut, and not to the present village of Voluntown in the town of that name, New London County, some nine miles to the south. In 1782 the town of Voluntown included territory that was later, in 1794, incorporated separately as the town of Sterling.

The army had passed through Vountown but had not camped there in June 1781, as shown on the road map, No. 15. Dorrance's Tavern (still standing) is the building just above the letter "w" in "Town." General Chastellux in his Travels recorded much information about the tavern-keeper, Samuel Dorrance, and his family; see Chastellux (4), Index. The army's 1782 camp was in the fields east of the tavern on the north side of the road (present State Route 14-A).

Fifty-second Camp at Providence. Also "Camp à Waterman's Tavern, le 9 Novembre, 10 miles de Walen-Town. Voyés Campagne 1781, 2e Camp" [no map], "Camp à Providence, le 10 Novembre, 15 miles de Waterman's Tavern, l'armée sur deux Lignes dans l'ancien Camp de la Brigade de Soissonnois. Voyés la Campagne 1781, 1er Camp" [no map]. 13 November - 4 December 1782. Proceeding from Voluntown (Sterling Hill) the army made its next (50th) camp at Waterman's Tavern on the site occupied the previous year (cf. Nos. 14 and 28) and then, upon reaching Providence, camped again (51st camp) on the western outskirts of the town, as it had done in June 1781 when beginning the march to the Hudson (cf. Nos. 14 and 27).

After pausing for three days on the former camp ground the two brigades marched through Providence to another site north of town, as shown on the present map. According to Von Closen (p. 267), the move was determined by the landowner's refusal to agree to the cutting of wood on his property. The new camp, described my Verger as "barracks in a wood" (p. 169), was on the farm of Jeremiah Dexter, overlooking the Boston road, in what was then North Providence. Present Camp Street and Rochambeau Avenue are in the vicinity.

The troops remained here in North Providence until Vaudreuil's ships at Boston were ready to receive them. They left successively in four divisions: Bourbonnais on I December, Soissonnais on the 2nd, Saintonge of the 3rd, and Royal Deux-Ponts on the 4th. The artillery, however, had left Providence for Boston a fortnight earlier (16-17 November), "because of the large amount of materiel to be embarked" (cf. Clermont-Crèvecœur's journal, p. 81).

The inclusion of a stretch of the "Pattukey River" (i.e., the Pawtucket, now called the Seekonk), upper right of th map, is a reminder that a French vessel, the Fantasque, was anchored here. As noted by Verger (p. 169), a detachment commanded by M. d'Espeyron, major of the Soissonnais Regiment, comprising one company from each of the four regiments, was embarked on the Fantasque, also used as a hospital ship. This vessel, which was in bad repair, did not join Vaudreuil's fleet as planned and remained here until early February 1783. Thus French soldiers were to be seen in Providence for another two months after the departure of the main corps of the army.

It was at Providence that General Rochambeau took leave of his army and handed over the command to Baron de Vioménil.

Fifty-third Camp at Wrentham [in Massachusetts]. 1-4 December 1782. Sixteen miles from the preceding camp at North Providence. The camp ground lay between Lake Archer (the "Etang" at the left of the map) and Main Street, near present State Route 1-A, the old road from Providence to Boston.

Fifty-fourth Camp at Dedham. 2-5 December 1782. Sixteen miles from the preceding camp at Wrentham. The road from Wrentham coming in at the lower left of the map crosses a small stream (Lowder Brook) before joining another road, which in turn leads to the "Meeting House" (Congregational Church) on Dedham Common. The river at the top of the map is the Charles. The camp was southeast of present St. Paul's Church on ground lying between present Court, School, Washington, Worthington, and Richards Streets.

Pages from the manuscript diary of a Dedham resident, Dr. Nathaniel Ames, noting the passage of the French artillery on 17 November and of the four infantry regiments on 2, 3, 4, and 5 December, are reproduced in Forbes and Cadman, I, 178. "Camp à Boston, Le 3 de décembre, 11 miles de Dedam." Although the preceding map notes a "55th camp at Boston," no plan of it is included in this series and probably none was drawn. This apparent lacuna may be explained that there was no "camp," strictly speaking, in Boston. Arriving in succession on 3, 4, 5, and 6 December, the troops were immediately embarked on ships lying in the harbor, as noted in several of the officers' journals.