- Collection Overview
- Collection Description & Creator Information
- Access & Use
- Collection History
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Contents and Arrangement
Tan Feldspar Cylinder Seal, Akkadian period (probably fake)
Collection Overview
Collection Description & Creator Information
- Scope and Contents
Contest scene: two man-headed bulls stand crossed with one another; the further of the two is attacked from the right by a rampant lion, its head shown as if from above; the lion is in turn attacked by a kusarikku. To the left an antelope standing left, its head back, is attacked by a panther which is in turned attacked by a man wearing a long robe who holds an axe in his right hand. The seal is beautifully carved and the style is superficially convincing. A number of details, however, are poorly understood by the seal carver. In particular the man-headed bulls are problematic. Strictly speaking, man-headed bulls do not occur on the seals of the Akkad period. Bison, however, are common on genuine seals throughout that period. Relatively early in the period, the bison is typically shown with its head shown frontally, and bearing almost human features (as on Princeton Art Museum 70-26 and Garrett 3, shown below). Later in the period the bison's head is shown in profile, as on Balken 15. Note that on Garrett 3 the bison has two horns, as we would expect on a bison; but on Garrett 2 they wear an elaborate headdress apparently intended as that worn by gods, featuring multiple tiers of horns, though poorly understood here. The headdress intended by the seal carver was common from the late Akkad period through the Old Babylonian, but it should not appear on a bison. The kusarikku on this seal wears the same headdress; indeed the heads of the bison and of the kusarikku are indistinguishable. The kusarikku may wear such a headdress on seals, but not before the Old Babylonian period (see Pyne 42).
- Arrangement
Not arranged according to any arrangement scheme.
Collection History
- Appraisal
No appraisal information is available.
Access & Use
- Conditions Governing Access
The collection is open for research.
- Conditions Governing Use
Single copies may be made for research purposes. To cite or publish quotations that fall within Fair Use, as defined under U. S. Copyright Law, no permission is required. For instances beyond Fair Use, it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine whether any permissions related to copyright, privacy, publicity, or any other rights are necessary for their intended use of the Library's materials, and to obtain all required permissions from any existing rights holders, if they have not already done so. Princeton University Library's Special Collections does not charge any permission or use fees for the publication of images of materials from our collections, nor does it require researchers to obtain its permission for said use. The department does request that its collections be properly cited and images credited. More detailed information can be found on the Copyright, Credit and Citations Guidelines page on our website. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us through the Ask Us! form.
- Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
For preservation reasons, original analog and digital media may not be read or played back in the reading room. Users may visually inspect physical media but may not remove it from its enclosure. All analog audiovisual media must be digitized to preservation-quality standards prior to use. Audiovisual digitization requests are processed by an approved third-party vendor. Please note, the transfer time required can be as little as several weeks to as long as several months and there may be financial costs associated with the process. Requests should be directed through the Ask Us Form.
- Credit this material:
Tan Feldspar Cylinder Seal; Stone Seals Collection, C0849, Manuscripts Division, Department of Special Collections, Princeton University Library
- Location:
-
Firestone LibraryOne Washington RoadPrinceton, NJ 08544, USA
- Storage Note:
- Firestone Library (hsvm)
- Box 8
Find More
- Other Finding Aids
The finding aid is comprised of two unpublished preliminary listings: (1) Rudolf H. Mayr, "Preliminary Checklist of Stone Seals in the Princeton University Library"; and (2) Albrecht Goetze, "Mesopotamian Seals in the Collection of Robert Garrett." Cyrus H. Gordon wrote several brief articles relating in whole or part to the Princeton collections: "Seals from Ancient Western Asia," Princeton University Library Chronicle, vol. 12, no. 2 (1951), pp. 49-54; "Near Eastern Saeals and Cuneiform Tablets," Princeton University Library Chronicle, vol. 14, no. 1 (1952), pp. 45-46; "Near Eastern Seals in Princeton and Philadelphia," Orientalia, new series, vol. 22, fasc. 3 (1953), pp. 242-50, plates 57-70. There is also one stone seal in the Scheide Library and a substantial collection of stone seals in the Princeton University Art Museum.
- Bibliography
Previously published: Ward, Cylinder Seals no. 195, identified there as property of the J. Pierpont Morgan Library.
- Names:
- Balken, Edward Duff (1874-1960)
Pyne, M. Taylor (Moses Taylor) (1855-1921)
Garrett, Robert (1875-1961)
