Documents, 1947-1955
Consists of a petition/letter in very small handwriting in Modern Greek of an anonymous political prisoner accompanied by a document in the type of a diary that was smuggled out of the Gyaros detention camp. It is an account of the sufferings of the prisoners from 1947 to 1950: it describes the daily activities in the camp, the living conditions, and more importantly, it names the prisoners being tortured and the guards carrying out the abuse. Also, present are typed transcriptions of letters in English smuggled out in this handwriting from the detention camps and prisons of Aē-Stratēs, Corfu, and Gyaros, dated in 1954 and 1955.
Organized into the following files: documents, correspondence, and printed matter.
Consists primarily of personal and professional correspondence received by Spector from individuals, organizations, and committees supporting the abolition of the detention camps, the re-establishment of democracy in Greece, and the defence of political prisoners. The correspondence has been organized into four groups: Individuals, Organizations-Committees, Politicians, and Miscellaneous-Unidentified. Arranged alphabetically. There are also letters written by Spector as well as letters among others.
Organized into the following files: documents, correspondence, and printed matter.
Individuals, 1952-2009
Ambatielos, Tony, 1955
Bartlett, Betty, 1952-1974
France, Royal Wilber, 1952
Gondicas, Dimitri, 2009
Pappas, Kōstas, 1995
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1956
Standard, William L, 1970
Thomas, Norman, 1959
Voulgarē, Helenē, 1969-1974
Amnesty International, 1974
Council of Greek Americans, 1955
The Nation, 1959
Voice of Women, 1967
Women Strike for Peace, 1967-1974
Politicians, 1952-1967
Miscellaneous, 1955-1988
Includes original and copies of news bulletin and press references relating to Greece during the period of the organizations's activities.
Organized into the following files: documents, correspondence, and printed matter.
Congressional Record, 1950-1974
Greek News Agency, 1972-1973
The Patriotic Front, 1967
The Rights of Man, 1973
Miscellaneous Material, 1968-1973
- Scope and Contents
The collection consists of papers relating to post-World War II Greek history and politics, 1940s-1970s: the Greek Civil war, detention camps for left-wing activists, international human rights efforts on behalf of Greek political prisoners and union leaders, all the way to the Greek military dictatorship. Included are letters and manuscripts in very small handwriting in the type of diaries that were smuggled out of the Gyaros detention camp dated in 1947-1955. Also present are three typescript transcriptions of handwritten letters that were smuggled out of the prison-island of Gyaros, the Athens security police station, and the island of Leros, dated 1967; personal and professional correspondence with Spector and other individuals, such as Betty Bartlett, organizations, and committees supporting the abolition of the detention camps, the re-establishment of democracy in Greece, and the defence of political prisoners. There are signed typed letters from influential people to the Prime-Ministers of Greece, Nikolaos Plastēras and Konstantinos Karamanlis as well as to other Greek politicians and a letter from Eleanor Roosevelt to a Greek woman. In addition, the collection contains flyers, pamphlets and newspapers, a typescript of a statement of Margarita Papandreou, and a typescript draft of a treatment of a documentary on the Greek struggle accompanied by a copy of a typed letter signed by Andreas Papandreou, leader of Panellēnio Apeleutherōtiko Kinēma (P.A.K.) [National Liberation Movement].
- Arrangement
Organized into the following files: documents, correspondence, and printed matter.
- Collection Creator Biography:
Spector, Norma
Norma Spector was born Norma Hanan on December 31, 1922, in New York City. Her father left the family when she was very young. Her brother was several years older than Norma, and he lost contact with the family when he left. Her mother was a garment worker and a member of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union. Norma's earliest memories reflect the dire poverty of her early life - moving every few months when her mother couldn't pay the rent, never having enough food in the house. Norma excelled in literature and science in public school. She attended James Madison High School in Brooklyn, where her first political activity was building support for Republican Spain's defense against Franco fascism. She worked for the International Longshore Workers Union for a time after the war. When the military junta seized power in Greece, she worked for the Greek Seamen's Union in the United States, where she lobbied state and national elected officials and other national figures to defend Greek seamen who were being persecuted here and to change government policy, which backed the Greek junta. She also helped initiate a campaign in support of the prisoners at the Makronēsos detention camp in Greece. During this period she became close friends with some of the leaders of the Greek Seamen's Union and of the Communist Party of Greece, including Tony Ambatielos and Betty Bartlett-Ambatielos. It was then when a Greek ship put in to the New York port and the ship's crew brought to the union office a cardboard box of papers wrapped in cloth. The seamen said it was from Makronēsos, one of the detention camps in Greece.
Norma met and married Harry Spector in 1952. They settled in Brooklyn and had a son and two daughters. Harry, who died in 1996, was her closest friend and biggest supporter for 44 years. In the 1960s she was active in the Brooklyn Congress on Racial Equality. Norma was one of the founders of Women Strike for Peace, which campaigned against the war in Vietnam and for nuclear disarmament, and Women for Racial and Economic Equality, which added a working-class perspective to the feminist movement. She represented both organizations at international events and met and became friends with women activists from many countries. Norma now lives in Miami, Florida. She has five grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
- Acquisition:
Gift of Daniel Spector to the Program in Hellenic Studies for the Princeton University Library, in 2010 (AM2011-36).
- Appraisal
Nothing was removed from the collection.
- Processing Information
This collection was processed by Kalliopi Balatsouka in the fall of 2010. Finding aid written by Kalliopi Balatsouka in 2010.
- Conditions Governing Access
This collection is open for research.
- Conditions Governing Use
Single copies may be made for research purposes. To cite or publish quotations that fall within Fair Use, as defined under U. S. Copyright Law, no permission is required. For instances beyond Fair Use, it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine whether any permissions related to copyright, privacy, publicity, or any other rights are necessary for their intended use of the Library's materials, and to obtain all required permissions from any existing rights holders, if they have not already done so. Princeton University Library's Special Collections does not charge any permission or use fees for the publication of images of materials from our collections, nor does it require researchers to obtain its permission for said use. The department does request that its collections be properly cited and images credited. More detailed information can be found on the Copyright, Credit and Citations Guidelines page on our website. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us through the Ask Us! form.
- Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements
For preservation reasons, original analog and digital media may not be read or played back in the reading room. Users may visually inspect physical media but may not remove it from its enclosure. All analog audiovisual media must be digitized to preservation-quality standards prior to use. Audiovisual digitization requests are processed by an approved third-party vendor. Please note, the transfer time required can be as little as several weeks to as long as several months and there may be financial costs associated with the process. Requests should be directed through the Ask Us Form.
- Credit this material:
Norma Spector Papers; Manuscripts Division, Department of Special Collections, Princeton University Library
- Permanent URL:
- http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/8p58pd019
- Location:
-
Firestone LibraryOne Washington RoadPrinceton, NJ 08544, USA
- Storage Note:
- Firestone Library (scamss): Box 1
- Subject Terms:
- Gyaros Island (Greece) -- History -- 20th century.
Human rights -- Greece.
Political prisoners -- Greece -- 20th century.
Political prisoners -- Greece -- Gyaros Island -- Diaries.
Political prisoners -- Greece -- Makronēsos -- Diaries. - Genre Terms:
- Correspondence
- Names:
- Federation of Greek Maritime Unions
Bartlett, Betty
Karamanlis, Konstantinos, 1907-1998
Papandreou, Andreas George
Papandreou, Margarita
Plastēras, Nikolaos, 1882-1953
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962. - Places:
- Greece -- History -- 1950-1967 -- Sources.
Greece -- History -- Civil War, 1944-1949 -- Concentration camps.
Greece -- History -- Civil War, 1944-1949 -- Prisoners and prisons.
Greece -- History -- Civil War, 1944-1949 -- Sources.
Greece -- Politics and government -- 1967-1974.
Gyaros Island (Greece : Concentration camp)