David A. Morse Papers, 1895-2003 (mostly 1942-1990)

Contents and Arrangement

Series 1, International Labour Organisation Files, 1934-1991

46 boxes

Description:

Series 1: International Labour Organization Files (1934-1991) documents Morse's involvement with the ILO, predominantly concerned with his tenure as Director-General and also including material that both predates and postdates that period. Included are materials on the conferences, reports, travels, and issues faced by Morse and the organization. Please see the subseries descriptions in the contents list for additional information about individual subseries.

Series 2: Subject Files (1895-1998) is composed of material related to the career of Morse outside of the ILO, as well as his personal life and family. Periods of his career covered by the series include his Army service, positions within the Department of Labor, and his work with the United Nations Development Programme. Please see the subseries descriptions in the contents list for additional information about individual subseries.

9 boxes

Description:

Series 3, Addresses, Writings, and Interviews (1930-1990), most neatly bound on a chronological basis, offers a remarkably comprehensive record of Morse's perspective on a wide array of subjects, as well as the views of the entities on whose behalf he wrote and spoke, over the course of 60 years. Indeed, if the transcripts of the oral history interviews in which he participated are taken into account, this series can be said to encompass within itself an entire lifetime. Most of the thousands of words recorded here were intended for public consumption, but there are also items of a personal nature, the most notable of which is a volume of intimate reflections which spans the decade between 1956 and 1966 and which touches on such matters as global peace, education, poverty, and international personalities.

2 boxes

Description:

Series 4, Appointment Books (1949-1970) consists of 22 small, bound, yearly planners in which Morse periodically jotted down his daily schedule as Director-General. Although a large percentage of days are blank slates, the pages on which Morse noted his appointments are informative and provide an insight, albeit skeletal, into what his life as head of the ILO was like. On March 2, 1953, for instance, his day began with a meeting followed by five appointments, including one with Egypt's Under Secretary of Labor, followed by another meeting followed by a dinner. On May 14, 1959, seven appointments are recorded, as well as a meeting, a lunch, a reception, and a dinner. During the annual International Labour Conference his schedule could be more crowded still.

Arranged chronologically.

Appointment Books, 1949-1961

1 box

Appointment Books, 1962-1970

1 box

Series 5, Scrapbooks, 1922-1962

10 boxes

Description:

Series 5, Scrapbooks (1922-1962) is largely composed of newspaper clippings, some collected by Morse and other gathered by his staff. There are a number of gaps, and the years which are represented suffer from uneven coverage. In certain cases a large and often repetitive collection of clippings was assembled, while in others there is almost nothing to document Morse's myriad activities. Of particular interest are the first two scrapbooks in this series, for, between them, they cover Morse's youth and prewar adulthood, a period poorly represented elsewhere. Morse's love of football is much in evidence, but so, too, are his oratorical gifts. In 1927 he won a place or, rather, a rostrum at the National Intercollegiate Oratorical Contest in Los Angeles. He finished sixth, and it is interesting to note that, in his address, he argued that "reverence of the law should rightly become the political religion of the nation," a theme he would return to in the future when far greater issues than collegiate pride would be at stake. The newspaper clippings which document Morse's prewar governmental work range from the "local boy makes good" variety of news to substantial articles, most of which relate to Morse's work as Regional Attorney for the Second Region of the National Labor Relations Board. The highly-charged atmosphere of many of the hearings at which Morse, acting under the aegis of the controversial Wagner-Connery Act, appeared is almost palpable. Later scrapbooks chart Morse's postwar career, often in multilingual form, touching on both the pivotal moments, such as his appointment as Assistant Secretary of Labor and his election as Director-General of the ILO, and the multitude of small events which, together, formed the fabric of his public life: his membership in President Truman's "brain trust," which met each Monday at the Wardman Park Hotel; his tour of South America, which he found to be in the grip of an "industrialization fever," in 1949; his plan to facilitate the movement of hundreds of thousands of Europeans to countries in need of manpower; and his inauguration of the United Nations pavilion in Brussels in 1958, to mention a few such moments.

Series 6, Memorabilia (1946-1993) consists of medals, certificates, plaques, keys to cities, pins, ribbons, coins, and eight oversized documents. The material in this series was given to Morse in commemoration of various significant events in his career from governments and organizations throughout the world. The materials honor Morse for his work with ILO, as well as other aspects of his career, and commemorate his visits to other countries and important anniversaries of organizations. The oversize documents include certificates testifying to Morse's appointment as Assistant and Under Secretary of Labor and his designation as the representative of the government of the United States on the Governing Body of the ILO. Also to be found are welcoming addresses presented to him on a visit to India and Pakistan as well as attractively illuminated messages of appreciation on the occasion of his departure from the ILO. Please note that the oversized documents are housed in the oversized cabinets.

Arranged by form.

Certificates and Addresses, 1946-1970

1 folder

Honors and Mementos, 1962-1993

4 boxes

Series 7, Audiovisual Material, 1958-1991

3 boxes

Description:

Series 7, Audiovisual Material (1958-1991) consists of phonograph records, audiotapes, including three cassette tapes, and a 16mm film featuring Morse and events of which he was a part or in which he took an interest. While a number of speakers are represented in this material, among them Pope Paul VI in conjunction with his visits to New York and Geneva, Morse's voice is predominant. His words were recorded in a variety of settings and addressed to a variety of audiences, including the International Labour Conference, the Governing Body, and the staff of the International Labour Office. For the most part, the recordings in this series can be found in textual form elsewhere, notably in the proceedings of the International Labour Conference, but, however clear, the printed word lacks the emotional value of the spoken. Herein lies the principal strength of this series. Morse's speech to the International Labour Conference in 1963 in the midst of a furor over South Africa's participation is a case in point. His advocacy of constitutional over arbitrary methods, important though the issue at stake may be, is compelling, as is his declaration that "I need no lessons on racial discrimination. Revealing too, is his speech to the Governing Body in 1961 in which he announced his short-lived resignation as Director-General. The internal struggle which this decision entailed is apparent.

13 boxes

1 folder

Oversize: Public Life: Pre-International Labour Office, 1937, 1942, 1945-1948

1 folder

Oversize: Public Life: International Labour Office, 1948-1949, 1953, 1958-1960, 1963, 1965-1969

1 folder

Oversize: Public Life: Post-International Labour Office, 1971-1974

1 folder

2011 Accession, 1987-2003

2 boxes

Description:

This series consists of the records received in the March 2011 accession and includes CVs, memorial tributes, services, and programs, obituary notices, and Labor Hall of Fame program materials.

The Morse Papers consists of textual, microform, audiovisual, and photographic material. The preponderance, though by no means all, of this material relates to the ILO. While its focus is inevitably more personal than organizational, it reveals the varied facets of Morse's work and that of his staff, the delegates to the International Labour Conference, and the members of the Governing Body. Other phases of Morse's life are well-represented, too, including his years in the Army (1942-1945), the Department of Labor (1946-1948), and the United Nations Development Programme (1970-1972). Material of a private nature is also present, the most notable elements being a collection of wartime correspondence between Morse and his wife, Mildred, and a variety of mementos, such as photographs, newspaper clippings, and documents, from the couple's youth and family. While the Morse Papers are not without lacunae, particularly with regard to Morse's prewar career, they shed ample light on his activities, the concerns which animated them, and the relationships in which they were centered. Researchers can expect to encounter both the large and the small in Morse's life -- from his views on internationalism to his views on small-town New Jersey -- and, in the process, construct a rounded picture of an influential public figure in the last half of the twentieth century.

Throughout his life, Morse met and corresponded with many individuals of national and international significance concerning labor issues. This collection contains correspondence or records of discussion with Dean Acheson, Leonid Brezhnev, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Dag Hammarskjold, Averell Harriman, Paul G. Hoffman, C. Wilfred Jenks, David Lilienthal, George Marshall, Leopold Senghor, and U Thant.

Arrangement

The David A. Morse Papers are divided into nine series (two of which have been further divided into five subseries) and are arranged as follows:

Collection Creator Biography:

Morse, David A. (David Abner), 1907-1990

The legacy of David Abner Morse, who died on December 1, 1990 at the age of 83, was global. As Director-General of the ILO, a specialized agency of the United Nations, for an unprecedented 22 years, he dedicated himself to improving the lot of workers throughout the world. A man of high ideals and exceptional acumen, he upheld the universality of workers' socioeconomic rights amid the conflicting claims of communist and noncommunist systems and have and have-not nations. In 1969 he accepted the Nobel Peace Prize on behalf of the ILO, a recognition of the organization's contribution to international harmony and prosperity under his leadership.

For Javier Perez de Cuellar, Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1982 to 1991, "Flair for leadership and diplomacy, dynamism, charm, dignity -- these were among his many radiant qualities. But above them all was the compassion and the care for the vulnerable of the earth, and the love of social justice which inspired all his endeavours." For George Shultz, Secretary of Labor in the Nixon administration and Secretary of State in the Reagan administration, Morse possessed an innate, instinctive understanding of the need for standards of behavior. "He saw the human side of enterprise.... He stood, it seemed to me, always for a blend of power and principle, not simply interest and power, but principle and power."

Morse, the son of immigrants Morris Moscovitz and Sara Werblin, was born in New York on May 31, 1907. He grew up in Somerville, New Jersey and attended Rutgers University, graduating in 1929. Deciding on a legal career, he studied law at Harvard University and was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1933. In 1937 he married Mildred E. Hockstader, daughter of Leonard Hockstader and Aline Straus and granddaughter of Oscar Straus, Secretary of Commerce and Labor in Theodore Roosevelt's cabinet. The union, which spanned 53 years, could not have been happier.

Morse's interest in and commitment to the public welfare in general and labor concerns in particular were evidenced by his involvement in the New Deal of the Roosevelt administration. Between 1933 and 1939 he held a number of governmental posts, including Chief Counsel for the Petroleum Labor Policy Board of the Department of Interior, Special Assistant to the Attorney General of the United States, and Regional Attorney for the Second Region of the National Labor Relations Board. The objectivity he would be called on to exhibit as head of the ILO was apparent in his appointment in 1941 as Impartial Chairman of the milk industry of metropolitan New York. On leaving the public service, Morse became a named partner in the law firm of Coult, Satz, Tomlinson, and Morse. He also found time to lecture on labor relations, labor law, and administrative law at various educational institutions.

Shortly after the United States entered the Second World War, Morse joined the Army. From 1943 to 1944 he served as head of the Labor Division of the Allied Military Government in Sicily and Italy, where he formulated and implemented labor policies and programs for the American and British liberators. He filled a similar role from 1944 to 1945 as head of the Manpower Division of the United States Group Control Council for Germany. One of his tasks was to work with representatives of Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States to harmonize their approach to labor matters in occupied Germany, an involvement which undoubtedly helped to prepare him for his work at the ILO. At the war's end, he held the rank of lieutenant-colonel and, in 1946, was awarded the Legion of Merit.

On his return to the United States, Morse re-entered civilian life as General Counsel of the National Labor Relations Board, a post he held from 1945 to 1946 when President Harry Truman named him Assistant Secretary of Labor. In this capacity, he focused his attention on the creation of the Department's Program of International Affairs. Named Under Secretary of Labor in 1947, he briefly filled the position of Acting Secretary on the death of Lewis Schwellenbach in 1948.

It was in this year, too, that Morse embarked on the most significant phase of his career, that of Director-General of the ILO. He was no stranger to this organization, having represented the government of the United States as a member of its Governing Body and as a delegate to its annual International Labor Conference. His election to the post of Director-General, which entailed a move to Geneva, brought with it many challenges. It is a measure of his success in facing them that the ILO changed the regulations which would have limited his tenure to a single ten-year term, renewable for three years, to allow for his re-election, which occurred in 1957, 1962, and 1967. (In 1961, he resigned but was persuaded to reconsider.)

Morse brought to his new position a broad and vigorous vision of the potentiality of his office and the ILO as a whole. He exercised a leadership which was at once impartial and engaged and which incorporated three fundamental principles: the need for socioeconomic reform, the importance of the rule of law, and integrity. Integrity was a quality he demanded of everyone who worked with him, and he was equally protective of the integrity of the ILO, deftly resisting political pressure, whether it stemmed from the rivalries of the superpowers or the process of decolonization. As an American, he was particularly vulnerable to the animus of McCarthyism, but he weathered this storm with firmness and dignity.

According to Gullmar Bergenstrom, Vice Chairman of the Governing Body from 1969 to 1979, "Morse was both Director and General. As Director [he was] a most skillful administrator. He appointed the right people to the various top posts in the Office, which was, of course, a policy decision of highest importance. As General he aggressively defended the ILO's sphere of competence against various young mushrooming and sometimes self-propelling agencies with ambitions to encroach on the ILO field." There was a manifest need for each of these functions. The organization Morse inherited was a product of the Treaty of Versailles, and, amid the burgeoning international bodies of the time, its relevance was under threat. He immediately set out to revitalize the ILO along three lines.

First, Morse believed that the ILO could not be a static entity but, rather, would have to adapt to new circumstances if it was to be an effective force for good in the world. He therefore expanded its sights and its reach beyond its traditional role as a setter of international labor standards. Under his leadership, sweeping organizational changes took place. The membership of the ILO grew from 52 to 121 nations, giving it a universal character. Its staff increased fivefold, from some 600 to some 3000 men and women of diverse nationality. Its annual budget rose from about $4,000,000 to about $60,000,000. Morse laid the foundation for a new headquarters and established an extensive network of field offices. The educational activities of the ILO were given a new impetus with the establishment of the International Institute for Labour Studies in Geneva and the International Centre for Advanced Technical and Vocational Training in Turin.

Second, Morse believed that the ILO had a global commitment to build peace, and that orderly socioeconomic change within countries was a prerequisite for peace between countries. Whether the issue was a labor dispute in the ILO itself, the credibility of the labor movement in the Soviet Union, or apartheid in South Africa, Morse maintained that the best way to achieve change was to effect it through existing socioeconomic institutions within the rule of law. He insisted, too, that the ILO's contribution to peace building be truly tripartite, involving workers, governments, and employers in a common quest for a more just world. Morse's commitment to this principle was nowhere more evident than in his position on the 1969 Nobel Peace Prize, a personal tribute as much as an organizational one. Francis Wolf, Legal Advisor of the ILO from 1963 to 1987, was instructed to contact the Nobel Committee of the Norwegian Parliament to request that the award be given solely to the ILO lest individual accomplishments overshadow tripartite ones. Accordingly, on December 10, 1969, Morse accepted the Nobel Peace Prize "On behalf of all our constituents, governments as well as employers and workers of our 121 member States, on behalf of all my staff, and in tribute to all those who in the past have faithfully served our Organisation."

Third, Morse believed that symbolism, however potent, was no substitute for action. He won a reputation as a "practical idealist" as he initiated new forms of technical assistance to enable countries to meet the standards and abide by the principles espoused by the ILO. Underdevelopment and the poverty which betokened it became a major preoccupation for him, though in focusing on the myriad needs of the developing world, he did not neglect the problems confronting industrialized societies. Among the issues Morse addressed through new programs and emphases were labor-management relations, workers' education, management development, supervisory training, manpower planning and employment creation, rural development, and promotion of small-scale industries. The World Employment Programme, launched in 1969, was one of Morse's principal legacies. It sought to raise the employment level and, thus, the quality of life of millions of marginalized men and women through such measures as stemming the migration of populations from rural to urban areas. When Morse relinquished his post as Director-General in 1970, the ILO, once a frail survivor of the discredited League of Nations, could take satisfaction in a new vitality and a new prominence.

Morse did not rest on his laurels upon his return to the United States. He took up the practice of international law in New York and Washington, D. C., assuming a leading role in his firm, which grew considerably in the years which followed. His concern for the welfare of the global community did not abate. He served as an advisor to the United Nations Development Programme, chairing its Advisory Panel on Programme Policy, and was active in such organizations as the World Rehabilitation Fund, the United Nations Association of the United States of America, and the Council on Foreign Relations. His contribution to these and other bodies was highly valued. As David Rockefeller, Honorary Chairman of the Council on Foreign Relations, noted in 1994, "He was a man of extraordinary quality and distinction who devoted the major part of his life to public service.... David was an active member of the Council on Foreign Relations for some 30 years, and to many here and around the world, he was a staunch and trusted friend."

Morse's life was crowned with many achievements, and the list of honors he acquired is long. In addition to holding a number of honorary doctorates, he was decorated by countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, and Latin America. France made him a Grand Officer of the French Legion of Honor, the highest decoration a foreign national can receive. He also received the Meritorious Public Service Award of the Sidney Hillman Foundation and the Human Rights Award of the International League for the Rights of Man.

What Morse did in life was very much a reflection of whom he was, and it is perhaps in the realm of intangibles that he left his most enduring mark. According to Francis Blanchard, Director-General of the ILO from 1974 to 1989, "David Morse was such a remarkably successful leader because he was such a remarkable human being. His warm personality and great personal charm had an almost magic effect on all with whom he came into contact.... Those of us who worked with him in the International Labour Office remember with admiration, respect and affection how deeply he influenced our work and our lives."

Morse, David A. (David Abner), 1907-1990

Acquisition:: The Morse Papers were donated to Princeton University in multiple installments, beginning in 1972 , by David Morse and, following his death, by his wife, Mildred. Included in this material are eight reels of microfilm donated to Princeton University in 1976 by Leon Gordenker, a member of its faculty. Designed to supplement Morse's donations, this microfilm consists for the most part of records generated or acquired by the Office of the Director-General of the ILO during Morse's tenure. Another accrual in 2011 from Jean Straus documents the end of David Morse's life and his memorial.
Appraisal: Duplicates were separated from the April 2008 accession. No information about appraisal is available for the other accessions associated with this collection.
Sponsorship:: These papers were processed with the generous support of Mildred H. Morse, wife of the late David A. Morse, and the John Foster and Janet Avery Dulles Fund.
Processing Information: This collection was arranged and described by John S. Weeren with the able assistance of Fifi Chan and Tina Wang in 1995. Mildred Morse provided invaluable help in identifying photographs and contextualizing portions of this material. Additions received since 1995 were integrated into the collection by Adriane Hanson in 2008. Finding aid written by John S. Weeren in 1995. A subsequent accession in March 2011 was added to the collection as its own series, and the finding aid was updated at this time.

Conditions Governing Access

Collection is open for research use.

Conditions Governing Use

Single copies may be made for research purposes. To cite or publish quotations that fall within Fair Use, as defined under U. S. Copyright Law, no permission is required. For instances beyond Fair Use, it is the responsibility of the researcher to determine whether any permissions related to copyright, privacy, publicity, or any other rights are necessary for their intended use of the Library's materials, and to obtain all required permissions from any existing rights holders, if they have not already done so. Princeton University Library's Special Collections does not charge any permission or use fees for the publication of images of materials from our collections, nor does it require researchers to obtain its permission for said use. The department does request that its collections be properly cited and images credited. More detailed information can be found on the Copyright, Credit and Citations Guidelines page on our website. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact us through the Ask Us! form.

Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements

For preservation reasons, original analog and digital media may not be read or played back in the reading room. Users may visually inspect physical media but may not remove it from its enclosure. All analog audiovisual media must be digitized to preservation-quality standards prior to use. Audiovisual digitization requests are processed by an approved third-party vendor. Please note, the transfer time required can be as little as several weeks to as long as several months and there may be financial costs associated with the process. Requests should be directed through the Ask Us Form.

Credit this material:

David A. Morse Papers; Public Policy Papers, Department of Special Collections, Princeton University Library

Permanent URL:

http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/qr46r081c

Location:

Public Policy Papers

Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library

65 Olden Street

Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

(609) 258-6345

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Storage Note:

Mudd Manuscript Library (scamudd): Boxes 1-123; 58a

Existence and Location of Copies: Portions of the Morse Papers are available on microfilm. These are Series 1 (Subseries 1), Series 2 (Subseries 1 to 5), and Series 3. Search for "Selections from the David A. Morse papers [microform]" in library catalog.
Subject Terms:: Anti-Communist movements -- United States -- History -- 20th century.
International labor activities -- 20th century.
International officials and employees -- 20th century -- Correspondence.
Labor laws and legislation, International -- 20th century.
Labor movement -- United States -- 20th century.
Labor policy -- United States -- 20th century.
Lawyers -- United States -- 20th century -- Correspondence.
Nobel prizes.
Public officers -- United States -- United States -- 20th century -- Correspondence.
Soldiers -- United States -- 20th century -- Correspondence.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Labor policy.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal narratives.
Genre Terms:: Clippings.
Correspondence
Photographs, Original.
Scrapbooks.
Names:: United States. Freedom of Information Act.
Council on foreign relations
World Rehabilitation Fund.
United Nations association of the United States of America
United Nations. Development Programme.
United States. Army
United States. Department of Labor
United States. National Labor Relations Board
Rutgers University
International Labour Organisation
United Nations
Acheson, Dean, 1893-1971.
Blanchard, Francis
Brezhnev, Leonid Ilʹich, 1906-1982
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969
Hammarskjøld, Dag 1905-1961
Harriman, W. Averell (William Averell), 1891-1986
Hoffman, Paul G. (Paul Gray), 1891-1974
Jenks, C. Wilfred (Clarence Wilfred), 1900-1973
Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines) (1908-1973)
Krushchev, Nikita
Lilienthal, David Eli, 1899-1981
Marshall, George C. (George Catlett), 1880-1959
Meaney, George, 1894-1980
Morse, David A. (David Abner), 1907-1990
Paul VI, Pope, 1897-1978
Senghor, Léopold Sédar, 1906-2001
Stevenson, Adlai E. (Adlai Ewing), 1900-1965
Thant, U, 1909-1974.
Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.