The Thompson Papers consist of the files maintained by Frank Thompson's offices throughout his political career, beginning with his election to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1955. They include speeches, statements, correspondence, copies of replies to constituents, records relating to congressional committees, agencies, and cases, government publications, photographs, and other printed materials.

The collection contains information on foreign relations, civil rights, social security and Medicare, public utilities, and New Jersey state matters. The Thompson papers also reflect Thompson's strong support of education, music, the arts, libraries, and other cultural institutions.